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Organization for transporting documents and other small packages

The mail service or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, messages, and parcels.[1] A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is ordinarily in the form of an adhesive stamp stamp, but a postage meter is too used for bulk mailing. With the advent of email, the retronym "snail mail" was coined.

Postal authorities often accept functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in improver to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges.

Etymology [edit]

Mail envelope (back to back)

The word mail comes from the Middle English discussion male , referring to a travelling handbag or pack.[two] It was spelled in that manner until the 17th century and is distinct from the word male. The French accept a like give-and-take, malle , for a trunk or large box, and mála is the Irish gaelic term for a pocketbook. In the 17th century, the discussion post began to appear as a reference for a pocketbook that independent messages: "bag full of letter" (1654). Over the next hundred years the word post began to be applied strictly to the letters themselves and the sack as the mailbag. In the 19th century, the British typically used postal service to refer to letters beingness sent abroad (i.eastward. on a send) and mail service to refer to letters for domestic delivery. The discussion Post is derived from Erstwhile French poste , which ultimately stems from the past participle of the Latin verb ponere 'to lay downward or place'.[3] So in the U.K., the Royal Mail delivers the post, whilst in Northward America both the U.S. Mail service and Canada Mail service deliver the mail.

The term email, curt for "electronic mail", starting time appeared in the 1970s.[4] [5] The term snail-mail is a retronym to distinguish information technology from the quicker email. Diverse dates take been given for its first use.[half dozen] [7] [viii]

History [edit]

Many early post systems consisted of fixed courier routes. Hither, a post firm on a postal road in the 19th century Finland

The practice of communication past written documents carried past an intermediary from ane person or place to another almost certainly dates back nearly to the invention of writing. However, the development of formal postal systems occurred much later on. The first documented use of an organized courier service for the dissemination of written documents is in Egypt, where Pharaohs used couriers to send out decrees throughout the territory of the state (2400 BCE).[nine] The earliest surviving piece of mail service is too Egyptian, dating to 255 BCE.[10]

Persia (Iran) [edit]

The first apparent claim for the development of a real postal system comes from Aboriginal Persia. The best-documented claim (Xenophon) attributes the invention to the Persian Male monarch Cyrus the Corking (550 BCE), who mandated that every province in his kingdom would organize reception and delivery of post to each of its citizens. He also negotiated with neighboring countries to do the aforementioned and had roads built from the city of Post in Western Iran all the way up to the urban center of Hakha in the East. Other writers credit his successor Darius I of Persia (521 BCE). Other sources claim much earlier dates for an Assyrian postal system, with credit given to Hammurabi (1700 BCE) and Sargon Ii (722 BCE). Postal service may not have been the primary mission of this postal service, notwithstanding. The office of the system as an intelligence gathering apparatus is well documented, and the service was (later) called angariae, a term that in time came to indicate a tax system. The Old Testament (Esther, VIII) makes mention of this organization: Ahasuerus, king of Medes, used couriers for communicating his decisions.

The Persian system worked using stations (called Chapar-Khaneh), whence the message carrier (chosen Chapar) would ride to the next mail, whereupon he would bandy his equus caballus with a fresh 1 for maximum performance and delivery speed. Herodotus described the system in this way: "It is said that as many days as there are in the whole journey, and then many are the men and horses that stand along the road, each horse and man at the interval of a day's journeying; and these are stayed neither past snow nor rain nor rut nor darkness from accomplishing their appointed course with all speed".[11] The poetry prominently features on New York's James Farley Post Office, although it uses the translation Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of nighttime stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds.

Bharat [edit]

The utilize of the Scinde Dawk adhesive stamps to signify the prepayment of postage began on 1 July 1852 in the Scinde/Sindh district,[12] as office of a comprehensive reform of the district's postal system.

The economic growth and political stability under the Mauryan empire (322–185 BCE) stimulated sustained development of civil infrastructure in ancient Republic of india. The Mauryans developed early on Indian postal service service also as public wells, rest houses, and other facilities for the public.[13] Mutual chariots called Dagana were sometimes used as mail chariots in ancient Bharat.[14] Couriers were used militarily past kings and local rulers to deliver data through runners and other carriers. The postmaster, the head of the intelligence service, was responsible for ensuring the maintenance of the courier organisation. Couriers were also used to deliver personal letters.[fifteen]

In South India, the Wodeyar dynasty (1399–1947) of the Kingdom of Mysore used postal service service for espionage purposes thereby acquiring noesis related to matters that took identify at great distances.[sixteen]

Past the end of the 18th century, a postal system in India was in operation. Later this organization underwent complete modernization when the British Raj established its control over well-nigh of Bharat. The Post Office Act XVII of 1837 provided that the Governor-General of India in Quango had the exclusive right of conveying letters by postal service for hire within the territories of the East Bharat Company. The mails were available to certain officials without charge, which became a controversial privilege as the years passed. On this basis the Indian Mail Part was established on October i, 1837.[17]

Rome [edit]

The first well-documented mail was that of Rome. Organized at the time of Augustus Caesar (62 BCE – fourteen CE), the service was called cursus publicus and was provided with lite carriages (rhedæ) pulled by fast horses. By the fourth dimension of Diocletian, a parallel service was established with two-wheeled carts (birotæ) pulled by oxen. This service was reserved for government correspondence. Yet another service for citizens was after added.[ commendation needed ] [ dubious – discuss ]

China [edit]

Communist china iv-cent on 100-dollar silver overprint of 1949

Some Chinese sources claim mail or postal systems dating back to the Xia or Shang dynasties, which would be the oldest mailing service in the world. The primeval credible system of couriers was initiated by the Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE), who had relay stations every 30 li forth major routes.

The Tang dynasty (618 to 907 Ad) operated recorded one,639 posthouses, including maritime offices, employing around xx,000 people. The organisation was administered by the Ministry of State of war and private correspondence was forbidden from the network. The Ming dynasty (1368 to 1644) sought a postal system to deliver mail chop-chop, securely, and cheaply. Adequate speed was ever a problem, because of the slow overland transportation system, and underfunding. Its network had 1,936 posthouses every sixty li along major routes, with fresh horses available every ten li between them.[18] The Qing operated 1,785 posthouses throughout their lands. More efficient, however, was the organisation linking the international settlements, centered around Shanghai and the Treaty ports. Information technology was the primary communication organisation for Communist china's international trade.[19]

Mongol Empire [edit]

Genghis Khan installed an empire-wide messenger and postal station system named Örtöö within the Mongol Empire. During the Yuan Dynasty under Kublai Khan, this system also covered the territory of China. Postal stations were used not only for the transmission and commitment of official post but were likewise available for travelling officials, military men, and strange dignitaries. These stations aided and facilitated the transport of strange and domestic tribute specifically and the conduct of merchandise in general.

Past the cease of Kublai Khan'due south rule, in that location were more than 1400 postal stations in China alone, which in turn had at their disposal nigh 50,000 horses, 1,400 oxen, six,700 mules, 400 carts, 6,000 boats, more than 200 dogs, and 1,150 sheep.[xx]

The stations were 25 to 65 km (16 to 40 mi) apart and had reliable attendants working for the post. Strange observers, such equally Marco Polo, have attested to the efficiency of this early on postal system.[20]

Each station was maintained by upward to xx five families. Work for postal service counted as armed forces service. The arrangement was still operational in 18th century when 64 stations were required for a message to cross Mongolia from the Altai Mountains to China.[21]

Japan [edit]

The modern Japanese arrangement was developed in the mid-19th century, closely copying European models. Nippon was highly innovative in developing the world's largest and most successful postal savings system and later a postal life insurance organisation as well. Postmasters play a key role in linking the Japanese political arrangement to local politics. The postmasters are loftier prestige, and are often hereditary.[22] To a large extent, the postal arrangement generated the enormous funding necessary to speedily industrialize Nihon in the tardily 19th century.[23]

Other systems [edit]

Another important postal service was created in the Islamic globe past the caliph Mu'awiyya; the service was called barid, for the name of the towers built to protect the roads by which couriers travelled.[24]

Past 3000 BC, Arab republic of egypt was using homing pigeons for pigeon post, taking advantage of a atypical quality of this bird, which when taken far from its nest is able to notice its way home due to a particularly developed sense of orientation. Messages were and then tied effectually the legs of the pigeon, which was freed and could reach its original nest. By the 19th century homing pigeons were used extensively for military communications.[25]

Charlemagne extended to the whole territory of his empire the system used by Franks in northern Gaul and connected this service with that of missi dominici.[26]

In the mid-11th century, flax traders known every bit the Cairo Geniza Merchants from Fustat, Egypt wrote almost using a mail known as the kutubi. The kutubi system managed routes between the cities of Jerusalem, Ramla, Tyre, Ascalon, Damascus, Aleppo, and Fustat with year-round, regular mail delivery.[27]

Many religious orders had a private post service. Notably, the Cistercians had one which connected more than than half-dozen,000 abbeys, monasteries, and churches. The best organization, however, was created past the Knights Templar.[28]

In 1716 Correos y Telégrafos was established in Kingdom of spain as public post service, available to all citizens. Delivery postmen were first employed in 1756 and mail boxes were installed firstly in 1762.[29]

Thurn & Taxis [edit]

In 1505, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I established a postal system in the Empire, appointing Franz von Taxis to run it. The Thurn und Taxis family, and so known as Tassis, had operated postal services between Italian city-states from 1290 onward.

Postmaster Anselm Franz, second Prince von Thurn & Taxis (1681 - 1739) however today part of the logo of the Whitepages in many countries

For 500 years the postal business based in Brussels and in Frankfurt was passed from ane generation to another. Post-obit the abolition of the Empire in 1806, the Thurn-und-Taxis Post

Postmaster Maximilian Karl, sixth Prince von Thurn & Taxis (1802 - 1871) last Postmaster

organisation continued as a private organization into the postage stamp era before being absorbed into the postal system of the new German Empire after 1871. 1867 July 1 the State of Prussia had to make a bounty payment of 3.000.000 Thalers reinvested past Helene von Thurn & Taxis, daughter-in-law of the concluding postmaster, Maximilian Karl 6th Prince of Thurn & Taxis, into existent estate, about of it standing to be today.

The Phone Book of the World has its roots in the long history of the avant-garde Telecommunications family Thurn & Taxis [30] The directory is the result of Johannes 11th Prince of Thurn & Taxis transmitting PTT civilisation to a student and helping with the opening of a minor Phone Bazaar next to a historic Postal mansion his ancestors used to become to centuries before.[31]

.

Johannes 11th Prince von Thurn & Taxis (1926 - 1990) heir of the Postal fortune

Several European Mail Carriers like Deutsche Post or Österreichische Post continue to use the Thurn & Taxis Post Horn in their visitor logo just like the global Telephone Book of the Globe based in the onetime Postal mansion of King Louis XIV in Paris[32]

Postal reforms [edit]

In the United Kingdom, prior to 1840 letters were paid for by the recipient and the toll was determined by the distance from sender to recipient and the number of sheets of paper rather than by a countrywide flat charge per unit with weight restrictions. Sir Rowland Colina reformed the postal organization based on the concepts of penny postage and prepayment.[33] In his proposal Hill also called for official pre-printed envelopes and adhesive postage stamps as alternative means of getting the sender to pay for the postage, at a time when prepayment was optional, which led to the invention of the postage stamp stamp, the Penny Black.

Modern transport and technology [edit]

The showtime airmail flight in Deutschland, 1912

The postal system was important in the development of modern transportation. Railways carried railway post offices. During the 20th century, air mail became the transport of choice for inter-continental postal service. Postmen started to utilize mail trucks. The treatment of mail became increasingly automated.

The Cyberspace came to modify the weather condition for physical post. Email (and in recent years social networking sites) became a tearing competitor to concrete mail systems, just online auctions and Internet shopping opened new business opportunities equally people often go items bought online through the postal service.

Modern post [edit]

Modern mail service is organized by national and privatized services, which are reciprocally connected by international regulations, organizations and international agreements. Paper letters and parcels can exist sent to almost any country in the globe relatively easily and cheaply. The Internet has made the procedure of sending letter-like messages nearly instantaneous, and in many cases and situations correspondents apply email where they previously would take used messages. The volume of paper mail sent through the U.South. Postal Service has declined by more xv% since its superlative at 213 billion pieces per annum in 2006.[34] [35]

Organization [edit]

Some countries have organized their mail services every bit public limited liability corporations without a legal monopoly.

The worldwide postal arrangement constituting the private national postal systems of the world's cocky-governing states is coordinated by the Universal Postal Marriage, which amongst other things sets international postage rates, defines standards for stamp stamps and operates the organization of international reply coupons.

In nearly countries a system of codes has been created (referred to as ZIP codes in the United States, postcodes in the United Kingdom and Australia, eircodes in Republic of ireland and postal codes in almost other countries) in order to facilitate the automation of operations. This also includes placing additional marks on the accost portion of the letter or mailed object, called "bar coding". Bar coding of mail for delivery is usually expressed either past a series of vertical bars, ordinarily chosen POSTNET coding or a block of dots as a 2-dimensional barcode. The "block of dots" method allows for the encoding of proof of payment of postage, exact routing for commitment, and other features.

An automated postal machine

The ordinary mail service was improved in the 20th century with the use of planes for a quicker commitment. The globe's beginning scheduled airmail post service took place in the United Kingdom between the London suburbs of Hendon and Windsor, Berkshire, on 9 September 1911.[36] Some methods of airmail proved ineffective, however, including the United States Postal Service's experiment with rocket post.

Receipt services were made bachelor in order to grant the sender a confirmation of effective commitment.

Payment [edit]

Before about the mid-nineteenth century, in regions where postal systems existed, the payment models varied, merely most mail was sent unpaid requiring the recipient to pay the postage fee. In some regions a partial payment was fabricated by the sender. Today, worldwide, the most common method of prepaying postage is past buying an adhesive stamp stamp to be applied to the envelope before mailing; a much less common method is to employ a stamp-prepaid envelope. Franking is a method of creating postage-prepaid envelopes under licence using a special machine. They are used by companies with large mail programs, such as banks and direct mail companies.

In 1998, the U.S. Postal Service authorised the offset tests of a secure organisation of sending digital franks via the Net to be printed out on a PC printer, obviating the necessity to license a dedicated franking machine and assuasive companies with smaller mail programs to make use of the choice; this was later expanded to test the apply of personalized postage. The service provided past the U.S. Mail service in 2003 allows the franks to be printed out on special adhesive-backed labels.

In 2004 the Royal Post in the Britain introduced its SmartStamp Internet-based arrangement, allowing printing on ordinary adhesive labels or envelopes. Similar systems are existence considered by postal administrations around the world.

When the pre-paid envelope or package is accepted into the mail service by an amanuensis of the mail, the agent usually indicates by means of a cancellation that it is no longer valid for pre-payment of postage. The exceptions are when the amanuensis forgets or neglects to cancel the mailpiece, for stamps that are pre-cancelled and thus do not require counterfoil and for, in most cases, metered postal service. (The "personalized stamps" authorized by the USPS and manufactured by Zazzle and other companies are in fact a form of meter label and thus practise not demand to be cancelled.)

Privacy and censorship [edit]

"The Steamboat" – mobile steaming equipment used by Czech StB for unsticking of envelopes during correspondence surveillance

Documents should generally non be read by anyone other than the leaseholder; for example, in the Usa of America it is a violation of federal constabulary for anyone other than the addressee and the government to open mail.[37] There are exceptions however: executives often assign secretaries or assistants the task of handling their mail service; and postcards do not require opening and can be read by anyone. For mail contained within an envelope, at that place are legal provisions in some jurisdictions assuasive the recording of identities of sender and recipient.[38]

The privacy of correspondence is guaranteed past the constitutions of United mexican states, Colombia and Brazil, and is alluded to in the European Convention on Human Rights[39] and the Universal Declaration of Homo Rights.[38] The control of the contents within private citizens' mail is censorship and concerns social, political, and legal aspects of civil rights. International mail and packages are subject to customs command, with the mail and packages are often surveyed and their contents sometimes are edited out (or fifty-fifty in).[ commendation needed ]

There have been cases over the millennia of governments opening and copying or photographing the contents of individual mail.[38] [twoscore] Subject to the laws in the relevant jurisdiction, correspondence may be openly or covertly opened, or the contents determined via another method, by the law or other authorities in some cases relating to a suspected criminal conspiracy, although black chambers (largely in the past, though there is manifestly some continuance of their utilize today) opened extralegally.

The postal service service may be allowed to open up the mail if neither addressee nor sender tin exist located, in gild to attempt to locate either. Mail may also open up the mail to audit if it contains materials that are hazardous to transport or violate local laws.

While in most cases postal service censorship is exceptional, armed forces mail to and from soldiers on active deployment is often field of study to surveillance. In active fighting, censorship may be especially strict to hibernate tactical secrets, prevent depression morale from bad news, etc.[ citation needed ]

Mail sent to and from inmates in jails or prisons within the Usa is subject to opening and review by jail or prison staff to determine if the mail has any criminal action dictated or provides means for an escape. The but mail that is non able to be read is attorney client mail, which is covered under the attorney-client confidentiality laws in the United States.[ commendation needed ]

Rise of electronic correspondence [edit]

Mod alternatives, such as the telegraph, phone, telex, facsimile, and e-mail, accept reduced the attractiveness of paper mail for many applications. These modern alternatives take some advantages: in addition to their speed, they may exist more secure, eastward.g., considering the general public cannot learn the address of the sender or recipient from the envelope, and occasionally traditional items of mail service may fail to go far, e.yard. due to vandalism to mailboxes, unfriendly pets, and adverse weather conditions. Mail carriers due to perceived hazards or inconveniences, may turn down, officially or otherwise, to deliver mail to a particular address (for example, if there is no clear path to the door or mailbox). On the other hand, traditional mail avoids the possibility of computer malfunctions and malware, and the recipient does not need to print it out if they wish to have a paper copy, though scanning is required to make a digital copy.

Concrete mail service is nevertheless widely used in business and personal communications for such reasons as legal requirements for signatures, requirements of etiquette, and the requirement to enclose small physical objects.

Since the advent of email, which is well-nigh e'er much faster, the postal organization has come to exist referred to in Cyberspace slang by the retronym "snail mail". Occasionally, the term "white mail service" or "the PaperNet" has also been used as a neutral term for postal mail.

Mainly during the 20th century, experimentation with hybrid mail has combined electronic and newspaper delivery. Electronic mechanisms include telegram, telex, facsimile (fax), email, and brusque message service (SMS). In that location have been methods which accept combined mail and some of these newer methods, such equally temporary emails, that combine facsimile transmission with overnight delivery.[41] [42] These vehicles commonly use a mechanical or electro-mechanical standardised writing (typing), that on the one paw makes for more than efficient advice, while on the other hand makes impossible characteristics and practices that traditionally were in conventional mail, such as calligraphy.

This epoch[ when? ] is undoubtedly mainly dominated by mechanical writing, with a general use of no more of half a dozen standard typographic fonts from standard keyboards. However, the increased employ of typewritten or reckoner-printed letters for personal communication and the advent of email have sparked renewed interest in calligraphy, equally a letter has go more of a "special outcome". Long before e-mail and estimator-printed letters, however, decorated envelopes, prophylactic stamps and artistamps formed part of the medium of mail service art.[ citation needed ]

In the 2000s (decade) with the advent of eBay and other online sale sites and online stores, postal services in industrialized nations accept seen a major shift to detail shipping. This has been seen as a heave to the organisation's usage in the wake of lower paper mail book due to the accessibility of electronic mail.

Online post offices have emerged to give recipients a means of receiving traditional correspondence mail in a scanned electronic format.

Collecting [edit]

Postage stamps are also object of a particular form of collecting. Postage stamp collecting has been a very pop hobby. In some cases, when need greatly exceeds supply, their commercial value on this specific market may become enormously greater than face value, even later on apply. For some postal services the sale of stamps to collectors who will never use them is a meaning source of revenue; for example, stamps from Tokelau, South Georgia & S Sandwich Islands, Tristan da Cunha, Niuafo´ou and many others. Postage collecting is normally known equally philately, although strictly the latter term refers to the written report of stamps.

Another form of collecting regards postcards, a document written on a single robust canvass of paper, commonly decorated with photographic pictures or artistic drawings on one of the sides, and brusque messages on a minor function of the other side, that also independent the space for the address. In strict philatelic usage, the postcard is to be distinguished from the postal menu, which has a pre-printed postage on the card. The fact that this communication is visible by other than the receiver oft causes the messages to be written in jargon.

Messages are frequently studied as an example of literature, and also in biography in the example of a famous person. A portion of the New Testament of the Bible is composed of the Apostle Paul'due south epistles to Christian congregations in various parts of the Roman Empire. Come across below for a list of famous letters.

A mode of writing, chosen epistolary, tells a fictional story in the form of the correspondence between two or more characters.

A makeshift mail method after stranding on a deserted island is a message in a bottle.

Deregulation [edit]

Numerous countries, including Sweden (1 January 1993),[43] [44] New Zealand (1998 and 2003), Germany (2005 and 2007), Argentina and Chile opened upwardly the postal services market to new entrants. In the case of New Zealand Post Limited, this included (from 2003) its right to be the sole New Zealand postal administration fellow member of the Universal Postal Matrimony, thus the catastrophe of its monopoly on stamps bearing the name New Zealand.

Types [edit]

Messages [edit]

Letter-sized mail service constitutes the bulk of the contents sent through well-nigh postal services. These are usually documents printed on A4 (210×297 mm), Letter-sized (eight.v×eleven inches), or smaller paper and placed in envelopes.

Handwritten correspondence, while once a major ways of communications between distant people, is now used less frequently[45] due to the advent of more immediate forms of communication, such as the telephone or email. Traditional messages, yet, are frequently considered to hark back to a "simpler time" and are still used when someone wishes to be deliberate and thoughtful well-nigh his or her communication. An example would be a letter of sympathy to a bereaved person.

Bills and invoices are often sent through the postal service, like regular billing correspondence from utility companies and other service providers. These letters often contain a self-addressed envelope that allows the receiver to remit payment back to the visitor easily. While still very common, many people now opt to use online beak payment services, which eliminate the demand to receive bills through the mail. Paperwork for the confirmation of large financial transactions is often sent through the mail. Many revenue enhancement documents are as well.

New credit cards and their corresponding personal identification numbers are sent to their owners through the post. The card and number are usually mailed separately several days or weeks apart for security reasons.

Bulk mail service is post that is prepared for majority mailing, frequently by presorting, and processing at reduced rates. It is often used in direct marketing and other advertising mail, although it has other uses as well. The senders of these letters sometimes purchase lists of addresses (which are sometimes targeted towards certain demographics) and then transport letters advertising their product or service to all recipients. Other times, commercial solicitations are sent by local companies advert local products, like a restaurant delivery service advertising to their commitment area or a retail store sending their weekly advertising circular to a general surface area. Majority post is as well often sent to companies' existing subscriber bases, advertising new products or services.

First-Class [edit]

Starting time-Class Mail in the U.Southward. includes postcards, letters, large envelopes (flats), and small packages, providing each piece weighs 13 ounces (370 g) or less. Commitment is given priority over 2nd-grade (newspapers and magazines), third form (bulk advertisements), and fourth-class mail (books and media packages). Fantabulous Mail prices are based on both the shape and weight of the item beingness mailed. Pieces over 13 ounces tin can exist sent as Priority Mail.[46] As of 2011 42% of First-class Mail service arrived the next day, 27% in ii days, and 31% in three. The USPS expected that changes to the service in 2012 would cause virtually 51% to go far in two days and virtually of the residuum in three.[47]

The British Regal Postal service equivalent to USPS Start-Course Postal service is stylized as 1st Form, and is simply a priority option over 2nd Class, at a slightly higher cost. Purple Mail aims (but does non guarantee) to deliver all 1st Course letters the 24-hour interval after postage stamp.[48]

The Canada Post counterpart is Lettermail.[49]

Registered and recorded mail [edit]

Multi-franked registered mail from Crete using Greek stamps during the Marriage with Greece to Egypt in 1914 showing numbered registration label

Registered mail allows the location and in detail the right delivery of a letter of the alphabet to be tracked. It is usually considerably more than expensive than regular mail, and is typically used for valuable items. Registered postal service is constantly tracked through the system.

Recorded mail is handled only like ordinary mail with the exception that it has to be signed for on receipt. This is useful for legal documents where proof of delivery is required.

In the United Kingdom recorded delivery mail (branded every bit signed for past the Royal Postal service) is covered by The Recorded Delivery Services Human activity 1962. Under this legislation any certificate which its relevant police force requires service by registered post[50] can also be lawfully served past recorded commitment.

Repositionable notes [edit]

The United States Postal Service introduced a test allowing "repositionable notes" (for example, 3M's Postal service-it notes) to exist fastened to the exterior of envelopes and bulk mailings,[51] afterwards extending the examination for an unspecified period.[52] The repositionable note may be fixed directly to the accost side of First-class Mail and Standard Post letter-size mailpieces. These mailpieces must meet the standards in 7.2 through 7.6. The note is included as an integral part of the mailpiece for weight and postage rate and must exist accounted for in pricing.

Postal cards and postcards [edit]

Postal cards and postcards are small message cards that are sent past mail unenveloped; the distinction ofttimes, though not invariably and reliably, drawn between them is that "postal cards" are issued past the postal potency or entity with the "postal indicia" (or "postage") preprinted on them, while postcards are privately issued and require affixing an adhesive stamp (though there have been some cases of a postal authority's issuing non-stamped postcards). Postcards are often printed to promote tourism, with pictures of resorts, tourist attractions or humorous messages on the front end and allowing for a curt bulletin from the sender to be written on the dorsum. The postage stamp required for postcards is generally less than stamp required for standard messages; notwithstanding, certain technicalities such equally their beingness oversized or having cut-outs,[53] may result in payment of the start-class rate being required.

Postcards are also used past magazines for new subscriptions. Within many magazines are postage-paid subscription cards that a reader can fill out and post back to the publishing company to exist billed for a subscription to the magazine. In this fashion, magazines likewise use postcards for other purposes, including reader surveys, contests or information requests.

Postcards are sometimes sent past charities to their members with a bulletin to be signed and sent to a political leader (e.g. to promote fair trade or 3rd world debt cancellation).

Other mail services [edit]

Pocket-sized packets are ordinarily less than 2 kg.

Larger envelopes are besides sent through the post. These are ofttimes composed of a stronger material than standard envelopes and are often used by businesses to transport documents that may not be folded or damaged, such as legal documents and contracts. Due to their size, larger envelopes are sometimes charged additional postage.

Packages are oftentimes sent through some postal services, usually requiring additional postage than an boilerplate letter or postcard. Many postal services take limitations as to what a package may or may not incorporate, usually placing limits or bans on perishable, chancy or flammable materials. Some hazardous materials in limited quantities may exist shipped with appropriate markings and packaging, similar an ORM-D characterization. Additionally, as a consequence of terrorism concerns, the U.S. Postal Service subjects their packages to numerous security tests, often scanning or x-raying packages for materials that might exist establish in biological materials or post bombs.

Newspapers and magazines are also sent through postal services. Many magazines are simply placed in the mail unremarkably (just in the U.S., they are printed with a special bar code that acts as pre-paid postage stamp – see POSTNET), but many are now shipped in shrinkwrap to protect the loose contents of the mag. During the 2d half of the 19th century and the get-go one-half of the 20th century, newspapers and magazines were normally posted using wrappers with a postage imprint.

Hybrid mail service, sometimes referred to as L-post, is the electronic lodgement of postal service from the post generator's computer directly to a Postal service provider. The Postal service provider is then able to utilize electronic means to have the mail service slice sorted, routed and physically produced at a site closest to the delivery signal. It is a type of mail growing in popularity with some Postal service Office operations and individual businesses venturing into this market. In some countries, these services are bachelor to print and evangelize emails to those who are unable to receive electronic mail, such as the elderly or infirm. Services provided past Hybrid mail providers are closely related to that of mail forwarding service providers.

See as well [edit]

  • Limited mail service
  • EPPML
  • Parcel (package)
  • Shipping insurance
  • Universal Postal Marriage
  • List of postal entities

Components of a postal system:

  • Alphabetic character box
  • Post carrier
  • Mail bag
  • Mail railroad train
  • Packstation
  • Postal service box
  • Post office
  • Post-office box
  • Stamp rate
  • Postal code

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ In Australia, Canada, and the U.South., the term "mail" is ordinarily used for the postal system and for the letters, postcards, and parcels it carries; in New Zealand, "postal service" is more mutual for the postal organization and "mail" for the material delivered; in the United kingdom, "post" prevails in both senses. However, the British, American, Australian, and Canadian national postal services are called, respectively, the "Royal Mail", the "United states Postal Service", "Commonwealth of australia Post", and "Canada Mail"; in add-on, such fixed phrases equally "post function" or "junk mail" are institute throughout the English-speaking world.
  2. ^ "mail service, n. 2". Dictionary.com (Entire (v 1.1) ed.). 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-02-nineteen.
  3. ^ Webster's 7th New Collegiate Dictionary, Chiliad. & C. Merriam Visitor, 1963, pp. 662–63.
  4. ^ "email, due north.ii". OED Online. Oxford Academy Press. 2019.
  5. ^ Bauer, Patricia (31 Dec 2018). "Ray Tomlinson". Encyclopedia Britannica.
  6. ^ Radden, Günter; Dirven, René (1 January 2007). Cognitive English Grammer. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 4. ISBN978-1556196638 . Retrieved March 1, 2017 – via Google Books.
  7. ^ "Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country". Books.google.co.united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland. 1843. p. 662. Retrieved 2016-02-xvi .
  8. ^ "Snail Mail service". Life. Nov 22, 1968. p. NY3. Retrieved March 1, 2017 – via Google Books.
  9. ^ Altaweel, Mark; Andrea Squitieri (2018). Long-Distance Trade and Economy before and during the Age of Empires." Revolutionizing a World: From Small States to Universalism in the Pre-Islamic Near East. University College London Printing. p. 177. doi:x.2307/j.ctt21c4td4.ten. ISBN978-1-911576-65-5. JSTOR j.ctt21c4td4.10.
  10. ^ "About UPU: History". Universal Postal Spousal relationship. 2 October 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  11. ^ Herodotus, Herodotus, trans. A.D. Godley, vol. 4, book 8, poesy 98, pp. 96–97 (1924).
  12. ^ "First Problems Collectors Guild of stamps and philatelic material". Archived from the original on 2012-09-04. Retrieved 2007-07-28 . First Issues Collectors Club (retrieved 25 September)
  13. ^ Dorn 2006: 145
  14. ^ Prasad 2003: 104
  15. ^ Mazumdar 1990: 1
  16. ^ Aiyangar 2004: 302
  17. ^ Lowe 1951: 134
  18. ^ Chelsea Zi Wang, "More Haste, Less Speed: Sources of Friction in the Ming Postal System". Tardily Imperial Cathay 40.2 (2019): 89-140.
  19. ^ Lane J. Harris, "Stumbling towards empire: the Shanghai Local Mail Office, the transnational British customs and informal empire in China, 1863–97". Periodical of Imperial and Commonwealth History 46.three (2018): 418-445.
  20. ^ a b Mote 1978: 450
  21. ^ Weatherford, Jack (2004). Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World.
  22. ^ Patricia 50. Maclachlan, The people'south postal service office: The history and politics of the Japanese postal system, 1871–2010 (Brill, 2012).
  23. ^ Sheldon Garon, Beyond Our Ways: Why America Spends While the World Saves (2012) pp 143-67.
  24. ^ Silverstein, Adam (2006). "Post, or Barid". In Meri, Josef Westward. (ed.). Medieval Islamic Civilization, An Encyclopedia, Book two: L-Z, Index. Leiden and New York: Routledge. pp. 631–632. ISBN0-415-96692-two.
  25. ^ Carter Due west. Clarke, "Signal Corps Pigeons". The Military Engineer 25.140 (1933): 133-138 Online.
  26. ^ François Fifty. Ganshof, "The impact of Charlemagne on the institutions of the Frankish realm". Speculum 40.i (1965): 47-62 Online .
  27. ^ Goldberg, Jessica, "Merchandise and Institutions in the Medieval Mediterranean : The Geniza Merchants and Their Business organisation World". Cambridge University Press, (2012): 189-193.
  28. ^ Marco Mostert, "New approaches to medieval communication?" in New approaches to medieval communication (1999) pp. 15-37.
  29. ^ Alvaro Escribano, Patricia González, and Julio Lasheras. "Evolution and Analysis of the Marketplace Structure of Postal Services in Spain" in Competitive Transformation of the Postal and Commitment Sector (Springer, 2003) pp. 287-309.
  30. ^ Thurn & Taxis pushing a improvement of Telecom activities in Paris, side by side to the concluding, nevertheless existing celebrated Postal mansion
  31. ^ The Paris Hotel de la Poste / VB mansion, connecting bespeak of the Post in the Bourbon territories and operated by the Pajot & Rouille family and the Postal service in the Habsburg territories operated by the Thurn & Taxis family
  32. ^ Phone Book of the Earth using the Thurn & Taxis Posthorn in the visitor logo
  33. ^ "Rowland Hill'south Postal Reforms". The British Postal Museum & Archive. 2009-08-21. Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 27 Dec 2014.
  34. ^ USPS volume report past The Boston Consulting Group on USPS public website
  35. ^ Get-go Class Mail Volume, 1926–2010 Archived 2012-01-xiv at the Wayback Machine
  36. ^ Baldwin, N. C. (1960), p. 5, Fifty Years of British Air Mails, Francis J.Field Ltd.
  37. ^ "United States Code: Title eighteen, 1702. Obstruction of correspondence". Legal Information Institute of Cornell University Law Schoolhouse. Archived from the original on September iv, 2010. Retrieved September xiv, 2010.
  38. ^ a b c Back when spies played by the rules Archived 2007-03-11 at the Wayback Machine, Deccan Herald, January 17, 2006. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
  39. ^ Commodity viii(1): Everyone has the correct to respect for his individual and family life, his home and his correspondence. "European Convention on Human Rights" (PDF). (179 KB)
  40. ^ CIA Intelligence Drove Near Americans Archived 2008-12-27 at the Wayback Machine (400 KB download)
  41. ^ "Meaning Years in U.S. Postal History". U.s. Postal Service. 2015. Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
  42. ^ "Treaties". Postal Matters. United states Embassy, Bulgaria. 25 June 1990. Archived from the original on nineteen September 2015. Retrieved xiii May 2015.
  43. ^ City Mail, Sweden Archived 2005-07-30 at archive.today
  44. ^ "Frycklund, Jonas "Individual Mail in Sweden", Cato Journal Vol. 13, No. i (1993)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-01-29. (511 KB)
  45. ^ Coleman, John (2013-04-05). "Handwritten Notes Are a Rare Commodity. They're Too More Important Than E'er". Harvard Business concern Review. ISSN 0017-8012. Retrieved 2019-05-29 .
  46. ^ "First-Class Mail". USPS. Archived from the original on 2011-10-15. Retrieved 2009-01-09 .
  47. ^ "Mail cuts hateful slower mail in 2012". CBS News. Associated Printing. 2011-12-05. Archived from the original on eight October 2013. Retrieved viii July 2013.
  48. ^ "Sending Mail". Royal Post. Retrieved 2018-04-22 .
  49. ^ "Lettermail". Canada Mail service. Retrieved 2018-04-22 .
  50. ^ for instance documents served under The Constabulary of Property Act 1925
  51. ^ "Mail service Helps Businesses "Stick" to their Message". 2005-04-05. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-07-17 .
  52. ^ "Marketing 'Notes' Extended for Additional Year: U.S. Mail service Governors Upshot Decision on Repositionable Notes". 2007-07-06. Archived from the original on 2007-07-eleven. Retrieved 2007-07-17 .
  53. ^ "Cutting-Out Postcard – Postage Due". Members.aol.com. Archived from the original on 2006-03-09. Retrieved 2008-10-24 .

Further reading [edit]

  • Aiyangar, Sakkottai Krishnaswami; S. Krishnaswami A. (2004). Ancient India: Collected Essays on the Literary and Political History of Southern India. Asian Educational Services. ISBN978-0-8018-8359-0.
  • Almási, Gábor (2010). Humanistic Alphabetic character-Writing. Mainz: Institute of European History.
  • Dorn, Harold; MacClellan, James Due east. (2006). Science and Technology in World History: An Introduction. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN978-0-8018-8359-0.
  • Daunton, Grand. J. Royal Mail: The Mail Function Since 1840 (Athlone, 1985), Peachy Great britain.
  • Heaton, J. Henniker (1905). "Imperial Postal Services". The Empire and the century. London: John Murray. pp. 288–317.
  • Hemmeon, Joseph Clarence. The history of the British post office (Harvard University Printing, 1912) online.
  • John, Richard R. Spreading the News: The American Postal System from Franklin to Morse (1995) extract
  • Lowe, Robson (1951). Encyclopedia of British Empire Stamp Stamps (five. III). London.
  • Mazumdar, Mohini Lal (1990). The Royal Mail Offices of British India. Calcutta: Phila Publications.
  • Mote, Frederick Due west.; John Thou. Fairbank (1998). The Cambridge History of Cathay. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-521-24333-ix.
  • Prasad, Prakash Chandra (2003). Foreign Trade and Commerce in Aboriginal India. Abhinav Publications. ISBN978-81-7017-053-2.

External links [edit]

  • A Hundred Years by Post by J. Wilson Hyde
  • Potts, Albert, " US19,578 (Showtime U.S. street mailbox patent)". Usa patent role. 1858
  • The British Postal Museum & Annal
  • From Thurn & Taxis to Phone Book of the World - 7 centuries of Telecom History
  • Royal Engineers Museum British Army Postal Services History
  • James Meek, London Review of Books, 28 April 2011, In the Sorting Office, 33(9)
  • U.South. National Postal Museum, a role of the Smithsonian Establishment
  • Universal Postal Marriage, a part of the United nations

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail

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